What are some Tones used in Hamlet that make it relatable and understandable?

Revenge and madness. Your father has just come back from beyond the grave to tell you that he was murdered by your new stepfather. It's not like you can go and tell the police (if there were any) about it - one, your family is above the law, and two, they'd think you were a loony anyway. So, the only solution is to take the law into your own hands and murder the murderer. An eye for an eye. All this mental torment, plus accidentally killing your ditsy girlfriend's dad (and her subsequently topping herself), is enough to send anyone crazy if they weren't already.